NOTICE

These instructions relate to, and are coordinated
with C.&S. 23, Special Instructions Governing Con-
struction and Maintenance of Signals and Interlock-
ings, and govern the operation of signals and
interlockings to the extent provided herein. They
do not supersede applicable Rules for Conducting
Transportation.

They govern Train Dispatchers, Train Directors,
Operators and Levermen, who must provide them-
selves with a copy and are required to understand
and obey them.

A. M. Schofield
Senior Vice President-
Operations

C.T. 405 - page 1 (Revised 1-1-74)

               1


TABLE OF CONTENTS                                  Page 

General ......................................... 3

Assigned to Duty ................................ 3

Locks on Interlocking Machines, etc. ............ 4

Adjustments, Alterations, or Repairs to Apparatus 4

Releasing Electric Locks or Relays by Hand ...... 4

Signal Indication Locks or Relays ............... 4

Switch Indication Locks or Relays ............... 5

Switch Lever Locking (Detector or Route) ........ 5

Traffic Locking ................................. 5

Failure of Apparatus ............................ 5

Failure of Power Operated Switches .............. 6

Changes in, Failure of, or Damage to Apparatus .. 6

Use of Snow-Melting Oil or other Heating Devices  6

Stored Cars ..................................... 6

Air PressureElectro-Pneumatic Interlockings ..... 8

Rusted or Sanded Rails .......................... 9

Disconnecting Switches in Interlockings ......... 10

Disconnecting Non-Interlocked Switches .......... 11

Use of Switches and Signals by Communications
and Signal Department Employees ................. 11

Use of Jumpers .................................. 11

Dragging Equipment Detectors .................... 13

Hot Box Detectors ............................... 14

                      2


GENERAL

NOTE: (1) Reference in these instructions to "Super-
visor Communications and Signals" includes "Assis-
tant Supervisor Communications and Signals".
Reference to "Inspector Communications and Signals"
includes "Foreman Communications and Signals."

NOTE: (2) Train Dispatchers, Train Directors and
Operators will record on the Dispatchers Record of
Movement of Trains, and Station Record of Train
Movement, any incident that may affect the movement
of traffic.

NOTE: (3) When the use of blocking devices is neces-
sary, a record in red ink must be made of time,
BDA or PBDA applied, and time BDR or PBDR
removed, indicating all levers affected.

Example of record.

BDA 6R, 3, 11—9:42 AM
BDR 6R, 3   —1:32 PM
BDA 6R, 3   —1:55 PM
BDR 6R, 3, 11—2:59 PM

Train Dispatchers will maintain this record in the
Train Order Book or on the Dispatchers Record of
Movement of Trains as applicable.

Train directors or operators will maintain this
record on the Station Record of Train Movements.

1. ASSIGNED TO DUTY.

Before being assigned to duty and thereby assum-
ing responsibility for the operation at a block and/or
interlocking station, an operator or leverman must
report at the station involved and post with a desig-
nated operator or leverman assigned to duty at that
station, for a period of time sufficient to enable him
to thoroughly familiarize himself with the operation
of all signals and interlocked switches, remote con-
trolled interlockings, controlled points, blocks and
tracks for movement of trains, and all other appliances
involved in the operation at that station.

When the instructing operator or leverman is satis-
fied that the posting operator or leverman thoroughly
understands the proper manipulation, characteristics
and use of all these appliances, blocks and tracks,
he will certify by message to the Division Supervisor
Operating Rules or other designated Officer that the
posting operator or leverman is qualified for duty at
that station. The posting operator or leverman will
immediately contact the Division Supervisor Operat-
ing Rules or other designated officer for further in-
structions.

                      3

2. LOCKS ON INTERLOCKING MACHINES,
ETC.

Power interlocking machine cabinets, cases on elec-
tro-mechanical machines, electric locks, and time re-
leases are locked and must not be opened except by
an authorized Communications and Signal depart-
ment employee. Any of the appliances found unlocked
must be immediately reported to the Superintendent.

3. ADJUSTMENTS, ALTERATIONS OR RE-
PAIRS TO APPARATUS.

Only the Supervisor of Communications and Sig-
nals or his representatives are responsible for and
are permitted to make adjustments, apply experi-
mental devices or unapproved material, or alter in
any way the mechanism or circuits of signals and
interlocking apparatus, and then only when autho-
rized by the Regional Engineer of Communications
and Signals when such adjustment or alteration will
interfere with the safe and prompt movement of
trains. When such adjustments or alterations are be-
ing made, train or engine movements must not be
permitted over routes involved.

4. RELEASING ELECTRIC LOCKS OR RELAYS
BY HAND.

Electric locks or Locking relays associated with any
type of interlocking switch must not be released by
hand except in emergency or when necessary on ac-
count of repairs, and then only by a representative
of the Supervisor Communications and Signals, after
he has been authorized by the Superintendent or
Supervisor Communications and Signals.

After such authority has been received, a notation
must be made by the Train Dispatcher on "Dis-
patcher's Record of Movement of Trains" and by the
train director or operator on "Station Record of
Train Movements" indicating what electric lock or
relay was released, time released, by whom autho-
rized, and for what purpose. These instructions
apply to each of the following:

(1) Releasing Signal Indication Locks or Relays

If a signal lever cannot be restored to its normal
position, releasing the lock or relay is prohibited
until it is known that all signals directly controlled
by the lever display "Stop" indication and all signals

                        4


governing approach to these signals display their
normal or a more restrictive indication. When it is
known that the home signal controlling the affected
lock or relay display "Stop" indication, an arrange-
ment may be made to have the Superintendent notify
all trains governed by the approach signal controlling
the lock or relay affected, that the approach signal
is out of order and to proceed as though the most
restrictive indication is displayed.

(2) Releasing Switch Indication Locks or Relays
Switch indication locks or relays may be released
by hand after the switches have been reported "prop-
erly secured" on the ground by the Communication
and Signal Department employee.

(3) Releasing Switch Lever Locking (Detector or
Route)

Switch Lever Locks may be released by hand after
it is known that no train or engine is on or approach-
ing the switches controlled by the levers affected or
fouling the proposed route.

(4) Releasing Traffic Locking

Arrangements must be made with the Superinten-
dent to safeguard the movement of trains in the
territory affected before traffic lever locks or traffic
relays are released by hand.

5. FAILURE OF APPARATUS.

(1) If any unit of an interlocking becomes in-
operative in any way, or becomes disconnected, the
controlling lever or levers for that unit must be
immediately secured by applying the approved block-
ing devices and the Superintendent and Supervisor
of Communications and Signals notified. When neces-
sary to apply blocking devices on electro-mechanical
machines, they must be applied on both the large
and small levers.

(2) When notified that automatic highway cross-
ing protection fails to properly indicate the approach
of trains or that an accident has occurred at a
crossing protected by automatic highway crossing
protection, the operator must immediately report the
condition to the Superintendent and signal main-
tainer so that manual protection may be promptly
provided until the automatic highway crossing
protection has been restored to normal operation.

                      5

6. FAILURE OF POWER OPERATED
SWITCHES.

On power operated switches, the operator must
restore the lever which, after several trials, has failed
to move to the desired position, as far as possible
towards the original starting position and leave it
in that position, except on electrically operated
switches where the ammeter indicates excessively
heavy current, the lever must be placed and left
in center position, until instructions are received
from the signal maintainer. If the maintainer is not
available, operator must notify the Superintendent.

7. CHANGES IN, FAILURE OF, OR DAMAGE
TO APPARATUS.

When making changes in, or when failure of, or
damage to signals or interlocking apparatus, or auto-
matic highway crossing apparatus occurs, the em-
ployee in charge of making repairs or changes will
give the Train Dispatcher or operator full information
concerning the apparatus affected and make such
arrangements with him as are necessary for the safe
movement of railroad traffic until the apparatus has
been restored to normal operation.

8. USE OF SNOW-MELTING OIL OR OTHER     

HEATING DEVICES.                          

When snow-melting oil or any other heating device
for melting snow and ice in switches is in use, the
operator must be alert and if any evidence of damage 
to apparatus, wireways, wires, insulation at switches,
or other equipment appears, the Superintendent and
the signal maintainer must be notified immediately.
The Train Dispatcher or operator and signal main-
tainer must then take necessary action to prevent any
irregular operation of switches and signals that may 
result. Electric or other switch heating equipment 
controlled by Train dispatcher or operator must be
manipulated as weather conditions require.

9. STORED CARS.

(1) When cars are stored on a track on which
Automatic Block Signal System Rules apply, the
Train Dispatcher or operator handling the movement
must notify the signal maintainer and advise him
of the limits of the track occupied by the stored
cars so that the necessary circuits may be discon-

                       6


nected. When it is known that stored cars are to
be removed and before removing them, the signal
maintainer must be notified so that he may imme-
diately restore all circuits to normal operation or
make such other arrangements as are necessary to
protect the movement until normal operation of
circuits is restored.

(2) When cars are stored within the limits of an
interlocking or on a track where the switch leading
to that track is remote controlled, or where automatic
highway crossing protection, approach locking, an-
nunciators, or other equipment will be affected, the
Train Dispatcher or operator handling the movement
must notify the signal maintainer as promptly as pos-
sible so that the necessary circuits may he dis-
connected, and the switches leading to the track
obstructed may be properly secured on the ground.
Immediately after the cars are stored the Train Dis-
patcher or operator must restore all switches and
signals governing movement to the track or tracks
involved, to their normal position and secure all
levers controlling the units so affected, by applying
the approved blocking device to insure that a signal
governing movement on a route leading to the track
or tracks obstructed, cannot be given.

When stored cars are to be removed, the Train
Dispatcher or operator handling the movement must
notify the signal maintainer so that after the cars
have been removed, he may assure himself that nor-
mal operating conditions have been restored and so
report them to the Superintendent. After being noti-
fied by the signal maintainer that conditions are
normal, the blocking devices may be removed. The
Superintendent when so requested will arrange for
sufficient movement over the bonded section of track
to insure proper shunting of circuits.

(3) To avoid improper operation due to false track
circuit indications resulting from rusty wheels when
stored cars are being removed, and the switch leading
to track on which cars are stored is interlocked or
located near an interlocking, all levers controlling
the switches and signals for the movement involved
must be secured by applying the approved blocking
devices which must not be removed until the move-
ment is completed.

                       7

10. AIR PRESSURE—ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC
INTERLOCKINCS.

Electro-pneumatic interlockings are equipped with
a low air pressure alarm located in the interlocking
station. When this alarm is actuated it indicates the
air pressure is being depleted and is below 45 pounds
or at certain terminal interlockings, below 80 pounds.

Action to be taken when the alarm actuates [In-
struction (1) or Instruction (2)] is posted over the
low pressure alarm and is as follows:

INSTRUCTION (1)
(for 45 pound low air pressure alarm)

As soon as possible after actuation of this alarm,
essential switches must be lined for the routes most
likely to be used, after which the Superintendent
and the signal maintainer must be notified.

Operation of switch levers is then prohibited unless
the signal maintainer is on the ground to assist in
moving the switches or the air pressure has been
restored to normal or authority to do so has been
received from the signal maintainer on the ground.

When the air pressure continues to drop and
is below 20 pounds, trains and engines must be
stopped before being permitted to proceed, un-
less it is known that the signal maintainer on the
ground has safely secured, the switches.

When the air pressure is below 20 pounds and
it is known that the switches have been safely
secured for the route involved by the signal main-
tainer on the ground, trains may proceed on
signal indication without stopping.

INSTRUCTION (2)

(for 80 pound low air pressure alarm)
As soon as possible after actuation of this alarm,
essential switches must be lined for the routes most
likely to be used, after which the Superintendent
and the signal maintainer must be notified.

Operation of switch levers is then prohibited unless
the signal maintainer is on the ground to assist in
moving the switches or the air pressure has been
restored to normal or authority to do so has been
received from the signal maintainer on the ground.
When the air pressure continues to drop and
is below 35 pounds, train or engine movement

                        8


over the switches is prohibited unless it is known
that the signal maintainer on the ground has
safely secured all switches.

When the air pressure is below 35 pounds and
it is known that the switches has been safely
secured for the route involved by the signal main-
tainer on the ground, trains may proceed on
signal indication without stopping.

11. RUSTED OR SANDED RAILS.

When the Train Dispatcher or operator has been
notified by the signal maintainer that the head of
the rail in track circuit territory is covered with rust,
sand, coal or any other substance that may interfere
with the proper shunting of track circuits, the track
circuit indication lights and the switch lever indica-
tion lights involved cannot be depended upon and
must not be accepted as indicating that track sections
are clear. The signal maintainer must secure the
switch levers involved with approved blocking devices
and attach "Rusty Rail" signs.

If such condition is recognized by the Train Dis-
patcher or operator or reported by an employee other
than the signal maintainer or by the signal main-
tainer from a remote point, the Train Dispatcher
or operator must:

(1) Immediately apply blocking devices and affix
"Rusty Rail" signs to the switch levers involved.

(2) Record on Dispatchers Record of Movement of
Trains or Station Record of Train Movements, the
time notified, from whom such information was
received and the switches involved.

(3) Notify the signal maintainer and the Super-
intendent. This record requirement under (2) must
be carried over on each succeeding transfer record
until the "Rusty Rail" Notice (Form CT 405-11) is
changed to include all switches involved.

The operator, or employee in charge, on assuming
duty, must:

(1) Assure himself the Rusty Rail signs and the
blocking devices are applied to all levers listed on
the "Rusty Rail" Notice (Form CT 405-11).

(2) Assure himself the "Rusty Rail" signs and
blocking devices are applied to all levers listed on the
transfer record of Station Record of Train Move-
ments or Dispatchers Record of Movement of Trains.

                         9


(3) Certify to above conditions listed in Numbers
1 and 2 on the Station Record of Train Movements
or Dispatchers Record of Movement of Trains.

(4) In case of conflict between the "Rusty Rail"
Notice or the transfer record and the actual appli-
cation of "Rusty Rail" signs with corresponding
blocking devices, see that all levers involved have
"Rusty Rail" signs and blocking devices applied until
the conflict is corrected by a qualfied employee.

(5) In case of conflicts noted in Number 4 above,
immediately communicate with the Superintendent
for instructions.

For stations in service part time (where actual
transfer between operators cannot be made) the
operator, prior to closing such station, must report
the "Rusty Rail" conditions on the transfer record
to the Superintendent who will maintain written
record in the Train Order Book (CT-22) until the
part time station reopens. At this time the recorded
information must be transferred to the operator
opening such station who must record the information
on the transfer record of his Station Record of
Train Movements.

Blocking devices must remain applied and removed
only during actual operation of the levers, then im-
mediately reapplied. After a signal has been dis-
played for a movement, the blocking device must
not be removed or the levers operated until the Train
Dispatcher or operator has verified that the entire
movement is clear of the signal governing a move-
ment in the opposite direction by either:

(1) Positive visual observation.

(2) Communication with a member of the crew
involved or other qualified employee.

(3) Communication with the operator in charge
of the next manned block station.

Signed Certification of Station Record of Train
Movements to include: "Requirements of Rule 11,
CT-405 fulfilled (Rusted or Sanded Rails)."

12. DISCONNECTING SWITCHES IN INTER-
LOCKINGS.

Before disconnecting an interlocked switch in any
type of interlocking. Communications and Signal De-
partment employees are required to have the con-

                        10


trolling lever placed in position corresponding to
the position of the switch. After placing the lever
in such position when so requested, the Train Dis-
patcher or operator must secure it by applying the
approved blocking device, which must not be re-
moved, nor the lever operated, until after authority
to do sohas been received from the Communications
and Signal Department employee making the request
that the lever be so secured.

13. DISCONNECTING NON-INTERLOCKED
SWITCHES.

When necessary to disconnect any part of a non-
interlocked switch, unless the switch is wedged and
spiked in its normal position, or when such a switch
is open for inspection, adjustment or repair, the
Communications and Signal Department employee
in charge of the work is required to set the signals
governing approach of trains or engines to such
switch, so they will display their most restrictive
indication. He is also required to arrange with the
dispatcher or operator for necessary protection to
train movements.

14. USE OF SWITCHES AND SIGNALS BY
COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL DEPART-
MENT EMPLOYEES.

Communications and Signal Department employees
are required to have permission from the Train Dis-
patcher or operator for the use of switches and
signals.

There must 'be a full understanding as to the inter-
ference with working units before making tests or
circuit changes or disconnecting locks or other safe-
guards and the operator must secure authority from
the Train Dispatcher before permission is given.

After permission has been given Communication
and Signal Department employees to proceed with
any such work, movement over switches affected is
prohibited unless authorized by the Communication
and Signal Department employee in charge.

Blocking devices must be applied by the Train
Dispatcher or Operator.

15. USE OF JUMPERS.

(1) Communications and Signal Department em-
ployees are prohibited from using jumpers to bridge

                        11


the contacts on the electrical apparatus of switch
and signal appliances except in cases of absolute
necessity and then only to avoid unnecessary delay to
trains and then only after authority to do so has
been secured as follows:

(a) Supervisors or Assistant Supervisors, Com-
munication and Signals only, are permitted
to authorize the use of jumpers after receiv-
ing authority from the Superintendent ex-
cept as in (b).

(b) In the following territory, Supervisors and
Assistant Supervisors, Communications and
Signals, and Inspector Communications and
Signals, are permitted to authorize the use
of jumpers after receiving authority from
the Superintendent.

NEW JERSEY DIVISION

From "Harold" Interlocking, LIRR, to and includ-
ing "Union" Interlocking.

PHILADELPHIA DIVISION

"Broad" Interlocking to "North Philadelphia" In.
terlocking, both inclusive. Penn Central Station 30th
Street to "Overbrook" and "Brill" Interlockings
inclusive.

(2) Before jumpers are applied either within or
outside of interlocking limits, Communications and
Signal Department employees are required to give
full information to the Train Dispatcher or operator,
and each interlocking switch and signal affected
thereby must be immediately secured by applying
the approved blocking device. The operator must
then make a message memorandum addressed to the
leverman explaining the condition, and post it in a
conspicuous place. If going off duty while this ab-
normal condition exists, he must fully explain the
condition to the operator and leverman relieving
him. This message memorandum must not be filed
until after the Communications and Signal depart-
ment employee who was authorized to use the jump-
ers has reported that normal conditions have been
restored. In addition, train dispatchers, train direc-
tors, and operators must make notation on "Dispatch-
er's Record of Movement of Trains" and "Station
Record of Train Movements". Before jumpers are

                       12


applied in territory outside interlocking limits. Com-
munications and Signal Department employees are
required to give full information to the train dis-
patcher, train director and the operator on each side
of the location affected and they must make notation
on "Dispatcher's Record of Movement of Trains"
and "Station Record of Train Movements."

(3) When a Communications and Signal Depart-
ment employee is instructed to place jumpers, he is
required to remove them immediately after the emer-
gency ceases to exist, and then report to the person
authorizing him to place the jumpers that they have
been removed and that normal conditions have been
restored. The employee securing authority from the
Superintendent for the application of the jumpers is
then required to notify the train dispatcher or train
director, and any other interested employee, that the
jumpers have been removed and the switch and sig-
nal circuits are restored to normal condition. After
being so advised the train dispatcher, train director
and the operators must make notation on "Dispatch-
er's Record of Movement of Trains" and "Station
Record of Train Movements", that the junipers have
been removed.

(4) At some locations a jumper indication light is
provided to indicate that the jumpers, when not in
use, are stored in their proper place. Where these
lights are used they must be observed by train direc-
tors, operators, and levermen and if not displayed
the Superintendent must be notified immediately.

16. DRAGGING EQUIPMENT DETECTORS.

(1) When detector is actuated, the operator will
promptly notify the Superintendent, and will restore
the signal control lever involved to normal position.
The train crew must be notified immediately to stop
as soon as safe handling will permit. He will not
break the seal on controlling devices or restore signal
affected to normal operation until directed by Super-
intendent to do so.

Notation must be made by the Train Dispatcher
on "Dispatcher's Record of Movement of Trains" and
by the Train Director or operator on "Station Record
of Train Movements" indicating location, time actu-
ated, time restored and cause.

                      13


(2) Fixed Arm Type—Require manual replace-
ment after each actuation. The signal maintainer
should be notified as promptly as possible after each
actuation to restore the detectors to normal condition.

(3) Self-Restoring Type—Automatically restores
to normal position after each operation, and when
it is known, or any reasonable doubt exists, that the
nature of train defect causing the actuation warrants
patrol of the tracks to insure against potential dan-
gerous conditions, or serious delays due to damage
to track or signal facilities, the signal maintainer or
track foreman should be notified as promptly as
possible after the actuation to patrol the track.

17. HOT BOX DETECTORS.

(1) There are two (2) sets of instructions for
reading Hot Box Detector tapes. Instruction "A"
for Servo and General Electric Hot Box Detectors;

Instruction "B" for GRS Hot Box Detectors.

(2) The letter "A" attached to a recording ma-
chine indicates "Instruction A" applies to the tape on
that machine.

The letter "B" attached to a recording machine
indicates "Instruction B" applies to the tape on that
machine.

(3) Instructions "A" and "B" are as follows:

INSTRUCTION A
For Servo and General Electric Hot Box Detector

The Operator must examine the tape as soon as the train
has passed over the detector. When tape indicates the limits
listed below, the train must be stopped and crew will
examine the bearings involved to determine if car or engine
must be set off.

SOLID BEARINGS

(a) When difference of two bearings on any axle
equals or exceeds six (6) MM.

(b) When the reading for any bearing equals or
exceeds ten (10) MM.

(Revised March 1, 1977)

                        14

Paste over INSTRUCTION A bottom of Page 14 • CT—405



ROLLER BEARING PASSENGER CARS,
FREIGHT CARS AND ALL ROAD ENGINES

(a) When difference of two bearings on any axle equals
or exceeds eleven (11) MM.

(b) When the reading for any bearing equals or exceeds
fourteen (14) MM.

NOTES:

1.   A normal solid bearing will have a one milli-
meter deflection.

2.    All PC passenger and road freight diesel engines
have roller bearings.

3.   When all bearings on a car or engine show a
reading of 3 millimeters or more, you will be
governed by roller bearing instructions.

(Revised March 1, 1977)

Paste over INSTRUCTION A top of Page 15 - CT-405

INSTRUCTION B
For GRS Hot Box Detector

The Operator must examine the tape as soon as
the train has passed over the detector. When tape
indicates the limits listed below, the train must
be stopped and crew will examine the bearings
involved to determine if car or engine must be
set off.

SOLID BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARINGS-
ALL CARS AND ENGINES

(a) When the reading for any bearing equals
or exceeds eight (8) MM.

(4) When the reading approaches within two (2)
MM of the applicable limit of Instruction A or In-
struction B, the next Operator must be advised to
observe the car or engine in passing on the side in-
dicated for evidence that the bearing may be over-
heated. In such instances, the Car Inspection forces
at the next location where the train would normally
be checked are to be notified, giving specific location
of car in train.

                         15